N°020_Vol.4_26

Introduction: Jugurtha is considered one of the most prominent political and military figures in the history of Numidia and ancient North Africa during the second century BCE. His name became associated with a decisive period in the history of the Numidian Kingdom, characterized by the growing influence of Rome in the Mediterranean basin and by the attempts of local kingdoms to preserve their independence and political position. Jugurtha succeeded in establishing himself as a major actor in the events that took place in the region, not only because of his military abilities but also because of the personal and leadership qualities he possessed, which qualified him to assume power and lead the resistance against Roman expansion. The study of Jugurtha’s character acquires particular importance in view of his position in Numidian history. His upbringing within the royal palace, his cultural and military formation, and his distinguished qualities of courage, intelligence, and determination contributed to shaping his leadership personality and refining his political and military talents. Moreover, his participation in the Numantine War alongside the Romans provided him with extensive field experience, which later enabled him to employ his military knowledge in managing the conflict with Rome and defending the interests of his kingdom. This study aims to shed light on the factors that contributed to the formation of Jugurtha’s character, to analyze his most prominent qualities and traits, and to highlight his military role and leadership in the wars he fought in order to preserve the unity and independence of the Numidian Kingdom. Accordingly, the central research problem of this study revolves around the following main question: to what extent did Jugurtha’s upbringing, personal qualities, and military experience contribute to the formation of his leadership character and enable him to play a pivotal role in the history of the Numidian Kingdom? From this main question arise a number of subsidiary questions: what were the circumstances surrounding Jugurtha’s birth and upbringing within the Numidian royal family? What were the most prominent qualities and traits that distinguished his character and earned him a prestigious position among the Numidians? How did his military training and field experience contribute to the development of his leadership skills?

Conclusion: Jugurtha was one of the most influential rulers of Numidia in the second century BCE, playing a central role in the political and military history of ancient North Africa. His royal upbringing, combined with his personal qualities of intelligence, courage, and determination, contributed significantly to the development of his leadership character. His military experience, particularly during the Numantine War, enhanced his strategic abilities and prepared him for the challenges he later faced as ruler of Numidia. Jugurtha distinguished himself as a capable military leader, successfully employing both conventional and guerrilla warfare in defense of his kingdom. His efforts were primarily directed toward preserving the unity and independence of Numidia and resisting Roman expansion. Despite the differing views of ancient sources, Jugurtha remains a symbol of leadership, resistance, and political ambition in the history of ancient Numidia.